Breeding and Supply of Laboratory Minipigs
Taitung District
Taitung District is a branch of the Livestock Research Institute (LRI), located in southeastern Taiwan. Due to the fact that minipigs are physiologically and anatomically similar to that of the human body, and are thus suitable for the development of a variety of models for biomedical research, the indigenous minipigs, the Lanyu breed, were introduced from Lanyu Islet to TAPS in 1980. After decades of selection of inbreeding, four minipig breeds have been bred, and were officially registered from 2003 to 2011. TAPS is not only the institution that takes charge of conservation, selection of minipigs but also the minipig supplier for biomedical research which facilities and animal care programs have been AAALAC accredited since 2013.
Housing & Facilities
The housing areas and other facilities were constructed for commercial pig production in 1974. Since 2008, ongoing step-by-step renovations and modifications were carried out to meet the requirements for minipig production. In 2009, the commercial pig production at TAPS was ceased so that all the resources can be geared towards the development of minipigs for biomedical usage.
TAPS is located in Binlang Village, Beinan Township, Taitung County, in the foothills of the Central Mountain Range. The facilities are located far from urban areas, and are surrounded by a natural environment. For conservation purposes, and to attain the objective of developing laboratory minipigs, Lanyu pigs were introduced into TAPS in 1980.
Production and Supply of Minipigs for Biomedical Research
To meet both the quality and quantity demands for laboratory minipigs, which can be used for biomedical research and the biotechnology industry, TAPS was requested to produce and provide clean conventional minipigs. Based on policy support and assistance from the Chinese-Taipei Society of Laboratory Animal Sciences (CSLAS), guidelines and standard operation procedures were established and implemented into the animal care and veterinary programs, and the facilities were renovated to meet the needs for minipigs production. To ensure the quality of the animals, health monitoring is carried out seasonally, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is applied to ensure reliable identification, with complete records, of every individual pig. Animal welfare is also a major concern, and is enhanced by housing enrichment and humane management procedures.
People and Staffs:
- Animal Technicians: 5
- Veterinarian: 1
- Technical Support: 1
Backgroud Data
Lanyu, Spotty Lanyu and Binlang Pigs
(Genetic composition: 100% Lanyu)
Birth Weight: 0.7 kg
Weaning Weight (6 weeks): 5-6 kg
Mature Body Weight (Male, 3-4 months ): 15-18 kg
Mature Body Weight (Female, 4-5 months ): 18-25 kg
Body Weight of 2-year-old Pig: 65-80 kg
Mitsai Pig
(Genetic composition: 50% Lanyu, 50% Duroc)
Birth Weight: 0.8 kg
Weaning Weight (6 weeks): 7-8 kg
Mature Body Weight (Male, 3-4 months ): 25-30 kg
Mature Body Weight (Female, 4-5 months ): 30-35 kg
Body Weight of 2-year-old Pig: 90-120 kg
Clinical Chemistry & Hematology of Lanyu Minipigs (TAPS)
Organ Weight
Serum Testosterone and Progesterone Concentrations
The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in boars as they reach sexual maturity and the endocrine status of sows during estrous cycle. The experiment is divided into two parts. The first part of the study is to observe the changes of serum testosterone(T) concentrations among boars, mainly by collecting boars of 8 different growth stages at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks to measure their body weight, testicle weight and serum testosterone concentrations.
The second part of the study is to observe the changes in progesterone(P4) concentrations in sows during estrous cycle, mainly by measuring the serum progesterone of 2 multiparous sows and 3 first-litter sows. The frequency of serum sampling is twice a day for a total of 40 days. The results show that the boars’ testosterone concentration are lower than 0.1 ng/ml at 0 to 16 weeks, but increases to 1.97 ng/ml at 16 to 20 weeks, and then to 5.25 ng/ml at 20 to 28 weeks. The estrous cycle of the five sows is 23.2±1.6 days. The first multiparous sow was observed to have an increase in progesterone concentration after weaning, with the progesterone concentration peaking (48.8 ng/ml)14 days after weaning. In the second sow, the progesterone concentration peaked (40.7 ng/ml) 1 day after weaning. The other three first-litter sows peaked in their progesterone concentrations (47.6 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml and 38 ng/ml) 4 to 6 days after weaning.
In conclusion of the study results, it should take more than 20 weeks for male Lanyu pigs to reach sexual maturation, while the estrous cycle of the female Lanyu pigs are less stable despite the fact that their estrous cycle is similar with common pigs. This preliminary study should be beneficial to future studies in the area of reproductive physiology of Lanyu pigs.
Breeds
Minipig Breeds of LRI Selection and Registration
Mitsai Lanyu Breed Code:Lanyu 50
- Genetic Composition: Lanyu(50%) Duroc(50%)
- Coat color: Brown-white stripes
- Body weight in sexual maturity(4-5 month old): 30~35 kg
- Breed Registration: 2003 registered
◎Mitsai Pig is a hybrid breed, composed of 50% Lanyu and 50% Duroc genetically. The brown-white stripes phenotype was fixed after 6 generation selections, after which inbreeding was practiced to form this new breed.
◎The brown-white stripes coloration is a juvenile color, which will disappear after puberty, which is when the pig is about 5 months old. The body size will be larger than that of the Lanyu breed because it has Duroc blood as well.
Spotty Lanyu Breed Code: Lanyu 100
- Genetic Composition: Lanyu (100%)
- Coat color: Black-White Spotted
- Body weight in sexual maturity(4-5 month old): 25~30 kg
- Breed Registration: 2003 registered
◎Since 1993, offspring with spotty coats were separated from the other black Lanyu herd, and were used for forming a breed by inbreeding selection.
◎ The genotype of the spotty coat was verified to be a recessive homozygote.
Binlang Breed Code: Lanyu 400
- Genetic Composition: Lanyu(100%)
- Coat color: White
- Body weight in sexual maturity(4-5 month old): 25~30 kg
- Breed Registration:2011 registered
◎The first white individuals were observed during the inbreeding selection of Spotty Lanyu Pigs in 2001, and were kept as the founders of this new breed.
◎The genotype of the white coat was verified to be a recessive homozygote.
Lanyu conservation line Breed Code: Lanyu 200
- Genetic Composition: Lanyu(100%)
- Coat color: Black
- Body weight in sexual maturity(4-5 month old): 25~30 kg
- Breed Registration: 2008 registered
◎Since the introduction of these pigs into TAPS in 1980, the Lanyu conservation herd has been kept in isolation, not only so that it can be qualified as a local line, but also as a genetic resource for selection for new breeds. Consequently, the conservation herd was registered in 2008.
Lanyu GPI-CRC-PGD Line
Breed Code: Lanyu 300
- Genetic Composition: Lanyu(100%)
- Coat color: Black
- Body weight in sexual maturity(4-5 month old): 25~30 kg
- Breed Registration: 2008 registered
◎The CRC gene is in one of the linkage groups of the 6th chromosome, which is located between the GPI and PGD genes. The line with the homozygous genotypes was established from 1992 to 2008.
- Gene GPI: Chromosome 6 BB genotype Function: GPI (Glucose phosphate isomerase)
- Gene CRC: Chromosome 6 CC genotype Function: CRC, Calcium Release Channel CRC-CC Type, Normal type, free of stress-shock and malignant fever defect syndrome
- Gene PGD: Chromosome 6 AA genotype Function: PGD (6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase)
Quality
Breeding and Selection
The selection of minipigs for biomedical research is done according to an inbreeding system that can increase the homozygosity to enhance the genetic evenness to meet the demand for genetic quality of laboratory animals. All the selected minipigs were registered as formal breeds according to the regulations formulated by the Council of Agriculture of Taiwan.
Standard Operating Procedures
The guidelines and standard operation procedures were established and implemented into the animal care and veterinary programs, by periodically educating and training the TAPS staff.
Pathogen Monitoring
Even though the hygiene of our animals is graded as clean conventional, pathogen monitoring and proper vaccinations, as well as medical care are administered regularly to enhance the health quality of the animals for biomedical usage.
Quarantine
- Entering Control：Members are required to register, disinfect their hands, and change into sanitized clothing before entering the facilities.
- Routine disinfection：All the houses and the surrounding environment are disinfected once a week. Various effective disinfectants are applied in turn.
- Critical disinfection：Empty pens are cleaned and disinfected by high-pressure washing and flame sterilization before animals are moved in.
Animal Care
Feeding and Management
The guideline and standard operation procedures were established and introduced into the animal care and veterinary programs, and the facilities were renovated to meet the needs of minipigs production.
Traceability of Individual Pigs
RFID technology is applied to ensure reliable identification, with complete records, of every individual animal. Biomedical users can obtain the up to date detailed information from our web site.
Animal Welfare
It is our priority to minimize stress and pain to the animals while they are on the TAPS premises. This is achieved by educating and training the staff to respect the animals, and the handling procedures are continuously evaluated and improved where possible. Animals are driven and handled gently, and anesthesia is administered during castration operations.
Enhancing the Environment
By hanging chains and plastic balls inside the pens not only functions as a form of recreation, but it also reduces incidences of fighting and stereotypic behavior in the animals. Soft music is also constantly played to pacify the moods of the animals.
Animal Transport
The animals are transported in cages, which are loaded into a container that has its own power generator, air conditioner and drinking water supply, and are delivered directly to the user’s facilities by trained drivers.
Literature
Minipig in Biomedical Research
- The high-fat diet induces myocardial fibrosis in the metabolically healthy obese minipigs-The role of ER stress and oxidative stress. (2017)
- Development of biodegradable radiopaque microsphere for arterial embolization-a pig study. (2015)
- Preventing phrenic nerve stimulation by a patch insulation in an intact swine heart model (2014)
- Coarctation-induced degenerative abdominal aorticaneurysm in a porcine model (2013)
- Immediate Intramyocardial Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells Implantation in Minipig Myocardium After Permanent Coronary Artery Ligation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Histopathologic and Immunochemical Correlation (2011)
- Intramyocardial Peptide Nanofiber Injection Improves Postinfarction Ventricular Remodeling and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in Pigs (2010)
- Left Atrial Enlargement Induced By Pure Mitral Regurgitation: Time Frame In A New Swine Model (2010)
- Wave energy patterns of counterpulsation: a novel approach with wave intensity analysis. (2005)
- Bone formation following sinus grafting with an alloplastic biphasic calcium phosphate in Lanyu Taiwanese mini-pigs(2019)
- Porcine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteoblast-like cells prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in Lanyu pigs (2018)
- Healing of Osteochondral Defects Implanted with Biomimetic Scaffolds of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite and Glycidy1-Methacrylate-modified Hyaluronic Acid in a Minipig (2018)
- Evaluation of osseous integration of titanium orthopedic screws with novel SLA treatment in porcine model (2017)
- Skin collagen can be accurately quantified through noninvasive optical method Validation on a swine study (2017)
- Tooth Germ-Like Construct Transplantation for Whole-Tooth Regeneration: An In Vivo Study in the Miniature Pig. (2016)
- Injection of Human Cord Blood Cells With Hyaluronan Improves Postinfarction Cardiac Repair in Pigs. (2016)
- An in vivo swine study for xeno-grafts of calcium sulfate-based bone grafts with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). (2015)
- Engineered autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: alternative to cleft alveolar bone graft surgery. (2012)
- Tissue engineering-based cartilage repair with mesenchymal stem cells in a porcine model. (2011)
- Bone Marrow Combined With Dental Bud Cells Promotes Tooth Regeneration in Miniature Pig Model (2010)
- Repair Of Large Cranial Defects By hBMP-2 Expressing Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Comparison Between Alginate And Collagen Type I Systems (2010)
- Fibrin glue mixed with gelatin/hyaluronic acid/ chondroitin-6-sulfate tri-copolymer for articular cartilage tissue engineering: The results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (2007)
- Regeneration of dentin-pulp complex with cementum and periodontal ligament formation using dental bud cells in gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronantri-copolymer scaffold in swine (2007)
- Repair of Porcine Articular Cartilage Defect with a Biphasic Osteochondral Composite (2007)
- Evaluation of articular cartilage repair using biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds in a swine model: a pilot study (2007)
- The Emplantation of Non-Cell-Based Materials to Prevent The Recurrent Disc Herniation: An In Vivo Porcine Model Using Quantitative Discomanometry Examination (2007)
- Tissue engineering-based cartilage repair with allogenous chondrocytes and gelatin–chondroitin hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold: A porcine model assessed at 18, 24, and 36 week (2006)
- Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with autologous chondrocyte transplantation (2005)
- Tooth Regeneration on Mini Pigs from Dental Stem Cells (2005)
- Linear radiofrequency ablation using dual switching-control mode achieves rapid and bloodless liver resection, an experimental research(2021)
- Alleviating chronic kidney disease progression through modulating the critical genus of gut microbiota in a cisplatin-induced Lanyu pig model(2020)
- Regeneration of rete ridges in Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa): Insights for human skin wound healing(2019)
- Porcine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteoblast-like cells prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in Lanyu pigs(2018)
- Development of a dietary induced metabolic syndrome model using miniature pigs-invovlement of ampk and sirt1. (2014)
- Injection of autologous bone marrow cells in hyaluronan hydrogel improves cardiac performance after infarction in pigs. (2014)
- Intraoperative neuromonitoring for the early detection and prevention of RLN traction injury in thyroid surgery: a porcine model. (2014)
- Successfully seal pancreatic end after thermal distal pancreatectomy using needle arrays in alternating electromagnetic fields. (2013)
- Partial nephrectomy without renal ischemia using an electromagnetic thermal surgery system in a porcine model(2013)
- Partial splenectomy using an electromagnetic thermal surgery system in a porcine model. (2013)
- Rejuvenation of aged pig facial skin by transplanting allogeneic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced peripheral blood stem cells from a young pig. (2013)
- Percutaneous transgastric traction-assisted esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial in a porcine model. (2012)
- Simulating target lesion for endoscopic submucosal dissection training in a live pig model. (2012)
- A novel injectable chitosan/polyglutamate polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel with hydroxyapatite for soft-tissue augmentation(2012)
- Lateral position with the remaining lung uppermost improves matching of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in pneumonectomized pigs. (2011)
- Eyes in the needle: novel epidural needle with embedded high-frequency ultrasound transducer--epidural access in porcine model. (2011)
- Early Erythropoietin Therapy Attenuates Remodeling and Preserves Function of Left Ventricle in Porcine Myocardial Infarction. (2011)
- Bloodless liver resection using needle arrays under alternating electromagnetic fields. (2010)
- Effects of thermal preconditioning on the ischemiareperfusionnyinduced acute lung injury in minipigs (2007)
- Transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves the regeneration of periodontal furcation defects in a porcine model. (2013)
- A translational approach in using cell sheet fragments of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty in a porcine model. (2013)
- Immunomodulatory effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a swine hemi-facial allotransplantation model. (2012)
- Autologous mesenchymal stem cells prevent transplant arteriosclerosis by enhancing local expression of interleukin-10, interferon-γ, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. (2012)
- Autologous bone marrow cell implantation attenuates left ventricular remodeling and improves heart function in porcine myocardial infarction: An echocardiographic, six-month angiographic, and molecular–cellular study (2011)
- Prolongation of composite tissue allotransplant survival by treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is correlated with T-cell regulation in a swine hind-limb model (2011)
- Intramedullary Cavity as Implantation Site for Bioartifical Pancreas: Preliminary In Vivo Study (2010)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prolong Composite Tissue Allotransplant Survival in a Swine Model (2009)
- Six-month Angiographic Study of Immediate Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Implantation on Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction Using a Mini-Pig Model (2009)
- Large-Scale Bicortical Skull Bone Regeneration Using Ex Vivo Replication-Defective Adenoviral-Mediated Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Gene-Transferred Bone Marrow Stromal Cells And Composite Biomaterials (2009)
- Swine Hemi-Facial Composite Tissue Allotransplantation: A Model to Study Immune Rejection1 (2008)
- Porcine Heterotopic Composite Tissue Allograft Transplantation using A Large Animal Model for Preclinical Studies (2006)
- Effect of tacrolimus on myocardial infarction is associated with inflammation, ROS, MAP kinase and Akt pathways in mini-pigs (2013)
- Innate immune response after acute myocardial infarction and pharmacomodulatory action of tacrolimus in reducing infarct size and preserving myocardial integrity (2013)
- Prostaglandin E2 Potentiates Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Induced IL-10+IFN-g+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells To Control Transplant Arteriosclerosis (2013)
- Intra-coronary administration of tacrolimus markedly attenuates infarct size and preserves heart function in porcine myocardial infarction(2012)
- Metabolism of Dicentrine: Identification of the Phase I and Phase II Metabolites in Miniature Pig Urine (2010)
- Novel Low-Voltage Electro-Ejaculation Approach for Sperm Collection from Zoo Captive Lanyu Miniature Pigs (Sus barbatus sumatranus)(2020)
- Effect of different dietary crude protein on gain weight and blood chemistry of Lanyu Minipigs(2019)
- Reference values of biochemical parameters among minipigs of difference breeds(2019)
- Analysis of Blood Biochemical Parameters in Lanyu pigs(2018)
- Determination of hematological parameters in miniature pigs (2018)
- Empirical Selection of Informative Microsatellite Markers within Co-ancestry Pig Populations Is Required for Improving the Individual Assignment Efficiency (2014)
- The phylogenetic status of typical Chinese native pigs: analyzed by Asian and European pig mitochondrial genome sequences. (2013)
- Mitochondrial genome of Taiwan pig (Sus Scrofa) (2011)
- Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (2011)
- Selection and utilization of indigenous mini-pig (2011)
- Serum Testosteron and Progesteron Concentrations in Lanyu Pigs (2010)
- Microsatellite Maker Combination and Method For Identifying Lanyu Pig Breed (2010)
- Minipigs in Biomedical Research (2010)
- Genetic Variation and Phylogenetics of Lanyu and Exotic Pig Breeds in Taiwan Analyzed By Nineteen Microsatellite Markers (2008)
- Low Levels of Haptoglobin and Putative Amino Acid Sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu Miniature Pigs (2007)
- The Type I Lanyu Pig Has A Maternal Genetic Lineage Distinct from Asian and European Pigs (2007)
- Influence of Age on The Electrocardiographic Waves in Taiwanese Lan-Yu Miniature Pigs (1999)
Recent Biomedical Researches
- Wave energy patterns of counterpulsation: A novel approach with wave intensity analysis
- Pig heart regeneration using nanogel-delivering autologous stem cells and proteins
- Applications of Injectable Biomaterials and Mesenchymal Stem Cell in BEight Tissue Engineering
- 利用奈米纖維水膠結合自體骨髓幹細胞以治療豬心梗塞的大動物模式
- Partial splenectomy using an electromagnetic thermal surgery system in a porcine model
- In vivo Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Mini-Pig Myocardial Muscle Using 1-D Spectroscopic Imaging Technique
- Temporal Evolution of Dedifferentiation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes in a Pig Model of Mitral Regurgitation: Changes in Atrial Histopathology and Signalling Mediators
- Autotransplantation of bEight marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet fragments for cellular cardiomyoplasty in a porcine model
- Studying the Pathogenesis of Coarctation-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- Investigate Effects of Small Spot Size & Fluence on Hair Removal Using Diode Laser System
- Co-grafting Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Porcine Mesencephalic Tissue in Parkinsonian Rats
- Stem cell-mediated periodontal ligament regeneration for teeth
- 牙齒幹細胞於再生醫學之應用
- The Mechanism of the Graft Reinnervation in a Porcine Model of Small Bowel
- Part 1 Studies on the Metabolism of Dicentrine in Lan-Yu Miniature PigsPart
- Microsatellite Maker Combination and Method For Identifying Lanyu Pig Breed
- Left Endoventricular Prosthesis Implantation---A New Surgical Ventricular Restoration Method (II)
- Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Porcine Model
- The Effect of Laser Spot Size on Energy Attenuation for Skin Penetration
- Use of Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) as Scaffold Seeded with Porcine Articular Cartilage Fragments for Tissue Engineering: an in vivo Autologous Transplantation Analysis
- Development of New Injectable BEight Scaffold Combination with Mesenchymal Stem Cell on BEight Regeneration for Craniofacial Surgery
- The Investigation of the Biomechenical Effect of the Exogenous Crosslink on in Vivo Swine Intervertebral Disc
- Pharmacokinetic of Volatile Anesthetics Uptake and Elimination in Piglet
- 以嗎啡耐受性的豬動物模型研究伏隔核蛋白質體差異表現
- 建立下泌尿道功能監控之實驗動物研究
- Assessment of the Relation between Entropy of Atrial Extracellular Matrix and Atrial Fibrillation by Harmonics Optical Microscopy
- Key Genes and Gene-Control Pathway during Intestinal Regeneration after Massive Bowel Ressection and Intestinal Transplantation in Pigs
- Autologous BEight Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myocardial Infarction Mini-Pig---Determine Roles of Cellular-Molecular Mechanisms on Improving Myocardial Function, Angiographic Results of with and without Shock Wave Ther
- The Studies of Tooth Regeneration: Dental Bud Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Isolated from Mini Pig for Cultivation and Implantation with Plasmin Glue and Prf as Scaffold into Pig Alveolus and under Dermis of Nude Mice for Development
- Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig
- Genetic Variation and Phylogenetics of Lanyu and Exotic Pig Breeds in Taiwan Analyzed By Nineteen Microsatellite Markers
- Intramyocardial Autologous BEight Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Effect on Mr Perfusion and Left Ventricular Function, and Energetic Changes on Phosphorus-31 MR Spectroscopy in a Mini-Pig Model
- 肋間動脈彼此的互相交通對於脊髓血流的供應及預防下肢癱瘓的重要性--豬隻模式
- Vascularized Knee Joint Allotransplantation in Miniature Swine---Induce Tolerance to Composite Tissue Allografts by Non-myeloablative Approach and Assess Functional Results of Knee Joint Allografts (2007)
- Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships analyses of Taoyuan, Lanyu, and other exotic pig breeds based on mitochondrial sequences (2007)
- Left Ventricular Assist Device with Counterpulsation and Ventricular Systolic Support---NCKU-LVAD (2006)
- The Effect of Inhaled Oxygen, Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Blockers on Ventilation and Perfusion Matching Post Lung Transplantation (2006)
- The clinical assessment of stent implantation in coronary artery using combined medical imaging analysis and computational fluid dynamic analysis (2006)
- In vitro culture period but not the passage number influences the capacity of chimera production of inner cell mass and its deriving cells from porcine embryos (2006)
- Β-Tricalcium Phosphate for Improvement in BEight Cosnsolidation in Tissue Engineering (2006)
- The Effect of Tetrandrine on the Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Porcine Small Bowel Transplantation (2006)
- Comparison of Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Lipids and Activities of Lipogenic Enzymes Between Lanyu and Mitase Pigs at Different Slaughter Weight (2005)
- Plasma Lipoprotein Profiles of Lanyu Sows in the Estrus Cycle and Nursing Stages (1998)
- 巴金森氏症蘭嶼豬模式之建立 (1996)